5.4 - The Second Agricultural Revolution

Topic 5.4 - The Second Agricultural Revolution

• Overview - The Second Agricultural Revolution, which occurred from the late 17th century to the 19th century, involved major advancements in farming practices and technology, particularly in Europe. Innovations such as the mechanization of tools (e.g., the seed drill), improved crop rotation, and selective breeding of livestock increased agricultural productivity. These changes supported population growth and urbanization during the Industrial Revolution by providing a more stable food supply. The revolution also marked a shift from subsistence to commercial agriculture, laying the foundation for modern farming systems.

• Suggested Skill - Compare patterns and trends in visual sources to draw conclusions.

• Enduring Understanding - Agriculture has changed over time because of cultural diffusion and advances in technology.

• Learning Objective - Explain the advances and impacts of the second agricultural revolution.

• Essential Knowledge - New technology and increased food production in the second agricultural revolution led to better diets, longer life expectancies, and more people available for work in factories.

AP Human Geography